1 History, mathematics and abduction Abduction1 , or hypothesis, is one of the main modes of inference used by the human mind, alongside deduction and induction. It is a logical process that allows one to draw a conclusion starting from two premises. In practice, abduction is the reasoning that allows us to infer a cause or explanation starting from an observed result and a general rule. The process develops in this way: a surprising phenomenon (C) is observed and it is hypothesized that, if a certain condition (A) were true, then that phenomenon (C) would be its natural consequence, meaning that the observed phenomenon can be explained as a normal result of that condition. An example provided by the famous mathematician Charles Peirce helps clarify this concept better. Suppose a person enters a room and Onds several bags Olled with beans of various types. Fn the table there is a handful of white beans. After careful observation, the person discovers that one of the bags contains only white beans. Urom this observation, they infer that the handful 1. Cf. Emberto kco and Thomas A. SebeoH, (eds.), Il Segno dei Tre: Dolmes, Mupin, Peirce, Bilan, 9ompiani, 183;L Bassimo 9onfantini, 'a semiosi e l7abduzione, Bilan, 9ompiani, 183VL Zeronica 2anirato, Per una OlosoOa dell7indizio: Charles Peirce e la serendipity, Eniversity of Uerrara, 066 L Urancesco Menini, Meduzione - Induzione / Abduzione, modellino per alcuni accostamenti tra ragionamento logico e ascolto musicale, at https:55www.suonosonda.it5wp-content5uploads5061R56 5Menini-Uran cesco-deduzione-induzione-abduzione.pdf